Contents

1. Accessibility Statement

   1. Accessibility of This Textbook
   2. Known Accessibility Issues and Areas for Improvement
   3. Let Us Know if You are Having Problems Accessing This Book

2. For Students: How to Access and Use this Textbook

   1. Tips for Using This Textbook
   2. Webbook vs. All Other Formats

3. Contributors

   1. Author
   2. Editor
   3. Cover Artist
   4. Research Assistant

4. Dedication

5. Chapter 1: Speaking in Tongues

   1. 1.1 Language Change

   2. 1.2 Language Families

   3. 1.3 Research Methods in Psycholinguistics

      1. Mental Chronometry
      2. Lesion Studies
      3. Electroencephalography (EEG)
      4. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
      5. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
      6. Comparing Brain Imaging Technology

   4. 1.4 Themes and Variations

   5. Summary

   6. References

6. Chapter 2: The Sounds of Language

   1. 2.1 Describing Sounds

   2. 2.2 The Articulatory System

   3. 2.3 Consonants

   4. 2.4 Vowels

   5. 2.5 Syllables

   6. 2.6 Phonological Rules

   7. Summary

   8. References

7. Chapter 3: The Parts of Speech

   1. 3.1 Words and Their Meaning

   2. 3.2 Morphemes

      1. Allomorphs

   3. 3.3 Morphology of Different Languages

      1. Inflectional Morphology
      2. Derivational Morphology
      3. Nonconcatenative Morphology

   4. 3.4 Syntax

      1. Word Order in Different Languages
      2. The Neurolinguistics of Syntax and Semantics

   5. Summary

   6. References

8. Chapter 4: The Biological Basis of Language

   1. 4.1 Animal Communication

   2. 4.2 Defining Language

   3. 4.3 The Origins of Language

   4. 4.4 Language in the Brain

   5. 4.5 Language and Thought

   6. Summary

   7. References

9. Chapter 5: Learning to Speak

   1. 5.1 Language Development

      1. Chomsky and the Poverty of the Stimulus
      2. Language Development
      3. The Language Acquisition Device

   2. 5.2 Pidgins and Creoles

   3. Summary

   4. References

10. Chapter 6: Bilingualism

    1. 6.1 The Advantages of Bilingualism

    2. 6.2 Bilingual Language Processing

    3. 6.3 Models of Bilingualism

    4. 6.4 Second Language Acquisition

    5. Summary

    6. References

11. Chapter 7: Visual Language

    1. 7.1 Writing Systems

       1. Logography
       2. Syllabary
       3. Abjad
       4. Alphabet
       5. Abugida
       6. Featural Script

    2. 7.2 A Standard Reading Model

    3. Summary

    4. References

12. Chapter 8: Reading

    1. 8.1 Reading Models

       1. The Logogen Model
       2. Interactive Activation Model
       3. Seidenberg and McClelland’s Model of Reading
       4. Dual-Route Model

    2. 8.2 Reading Disorders

       1. Surface Dyslexia
       2. Phonological Dyslexia
       3. Deep Dyslexia
       4. Reading in Other Languages

    3. Summary

    4. References

13. Chapter 9: Speaking

    1. 9.1 Evidence for Speech Production

    2. 9.2 The Standard Model of Speech Production

       1. Morpheme Level
       2. Segment Level
       3. Phonetic Level

    3. 9.3 Speech Production Models

       1. The Dell Model
       2. The Levelt, Roelofs, and Meyer (LRM) Model
       3. The Lexicon with Syllable Structure (LEWISS) Model

    4. Summary

    5. References

14. Glossary

15. Versioning History